Widely known scholars and writers such as Lerone Bennett Jr., James Birnie, Benjamin Brawley, Michael Lomax, and Ira Reid inspired Mays to petition for the establishment a Phi Beta Kappa chapter at the college which was granted in 1967. Be on the lookout for your Britannica newsletter to get trusted stories delivered right to your inbox. After spending a year at Virginia Union University, he moved north to attend Bates College in Main. It is expected that the student who enters here will do well. Benjamin E. Mays, “History on Video” (30-minute biographical tape), first televised on Black Entertainment Television, 1992. When did Benjamin Mays die? Mays taught and mentored many influential activists, including Martin Luther King Jr, Julian Bond, Maynard Jackson, and Donn Clendenon, among others. 47 students attend Benjamin E Mays Male Academy, and the ratio of students to teachers is 11:1. Prior to his death in 1984 at the age of 89, Mays wrote dozens of scholarly articles on racial, educational, and religious issues, spoke at more than 200 universities and colleges, and received some 45 honorary degrees. Benjamin Elijah Mays (August 1, 1894 – March 28, 1984) was an American Baptist minister and civil rights leader who is credited with laying the intellectual foundations of the American civil rights movement. The Negro's Church (1933). During his childhood, mob violence against blacks was rampant, and brutal lynchings were a common occurrence. Mays was particularly proud of the School of Religion, where he invested significant personal attention. Perhaps Mays's greatest influence was on the individual students he encountered both in the classroom and through the college chapel. May 26, 2012 - Learn more about the historic author and educator, legendary president of Morehouse College, and mentor to Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr. Additionally, he sat on many committees and commissions, including the Ford Foundation and the Department of Health, Education, and Welfare, advising presidents, governors, and policymakers on civil rights matters. "The people in the church did not contribute one dime to help me with my education," he recalled in Born to Rebel. Benjamin Elijah Mays was born to former slaves Hezekiah and Louvenia (Carter) Mays in Epworth, Greenwood County, South Carolina. The notion of an intellectually capable "Morehouse Man" was emergent. “Nor did the situation improve as I grew older. The following year, he and his wife, Sadie Grey, a teacher and social worker whom he had met in Chicago, moved to Florida, where Mays took over the position of executive secretary for the Tampa Urban League. Education : Bates College, B.A., 1920; University of Chicago, M.A., 1925, Ph.D., 1935. He and a fellow minister, Joseph W. Nicholson, spent 14 months collecting data from some 800 rural and urban churches throughout the country in an effort to identify the church's influence in the black community. Benjamin Elijah Mays (August 1, 1894 – March 28, 1984) was an American Baptist minister and civil rights leader who is credited with laying the intellectual foundations of the American civil rights movement. College president John Hope (whom he happened to meet in the University of Chicago library) to teach higher mathematics in Atlanta. After graduating with honors in 1920, Mays completed several semesters of graduate work at the University of Chicago. Benjamin Elijah Mays was born August 1, 1894 in Ninety Six, South Carolina. He graduated in 1916 as valedictorian. "To me black power must mean hard work, trained minds, and perfected skills to perform in a competitive society," he wrote in his critically acclaimed autobiography Born to Rebel, published in 1971. Throughout the work, the authors explored sensitive and rarely addressed issues such as denominational rivalry, misplaced ministerial ambition, poor theological training, irrelevant sermon content, unnecessary emotionalism, appeals to fear, and finally the "overchurching" of the Negro. ", Mays was named president of Morehouse College in July of 1940, exactly 19 years after he had begun his teaching career there. He searched widely for faculty with doctorates. “To me black power must mean hard work, trained minds, and perfected skills to perform in a competitive society,” he wrote in his critically acclaimed autobiography Born to Rebel, published in 1971. J. He later held a prominent position on the Atlanta Board of Education. Mays used chapel to build community and expand learning outside the classroom. It must go beyond the personal and into the political. Fast facts about Mays High School (Atlanta, GA) Address 3450 Benjamin E Mays Dr Sw Atlanta, GA 30331 Phone Number 404-802 … His greatest honor, he later said, was having taught and inspired Martin Luther King, Jr., the college’s most celebrated alumnus. Timbuktu Academy of Science and Technology is one of the nearest elementary schools. There is an air of expectancy at Morehouse College. Benjamin Mays was born on September 10 1757, in Stafford County, Virginia, to Robert Mays and Elizabeth Mays. Learn about Mays High School, including its mailing address, contact information, student body, and more. Encyclopedia.com. The Betrayal of the Negro: From Rutherford B. Hayes to Woodrow Wilson. 88–94; August 1971, p. 52; December 1977, pp. Casting himself as a "rebel," he greatly influenced the country and the world with his ideals and activities. Benjamin Elijah Mays was born in 1895 in South Carolina, to parents who had been born in slavery and freed at the end of the Civil War. New buildings included five small dormitories housing 115 men, a large dormitory housing 120 men, a physical educational and health building, an infirmary, a dining hall, a small academic building, a meditation chapel, a dormitory for students enrolled in the Morehouse School of Religion, a music studio, and three faculty apartments. Encyclopedia of Education. Church provided another outlet for his talents. Prial remembered Mays in a New York Times obituary as "a voice of moderation in the critical years of the civil rights movement. His greatest honor, he later said, was having taught and inspired Martin Luther King, Jr., the college's most celebrated alumnus. Long before I could visualize them, I knew within my body, my mind, and my spirit that I faced galling restrictions, seemingly insurmountable barriers, dangers and pitfalls.”. African American scholar Benjamin E. Mays was among the first generation of people of color to be born into freedom in the southern United States. Logan, Rayford W. 1965. The youngest of eight children, Benjamin Mays was born in Epworth, South Carolina, in 1894, and raised on an isolated cotton farm. At that time, the maximum school term for black children was only four months—November through February—so he and his brothers and sisters spent most of the year helping with the planting and picking. The results of the study were published in 1933 under the title The Negro's Church. In his preface, Mays described the book as "the story of the lifelong quest of a man who desired to be looked upon first as a human being and incidentally as a Negro, to be accepted first as an American and secondarily as a black man." The dice are loaded against him. At that time, the maximum school term for black children was only four months—November through February—so he and his brothers and sisters spent most of the year helping with the planting and picking. Two years later, he was named national student secretary of the Young Men’s Christian Association (YMCA), based in Atlanta. The following year, he and his wife, Sadie Grey, a teacher and social worker whom he had met in Chicago, moved to Florida, where Mays took over the position of executive secretary for the Tampa Urban League. Education, his father maintained, made men both liars and fools. Member: Phi Beta Kappa, Delta Sigma Rho, Delta Theta Chi, Omega Psi Phi. Mays (and Nicholson), however, also found that it possessed significant constraints. After two years, he accepted a position as student secretary of the YMCA in Atlanta, where he hoped to once again influence the larger community. In an article appearing in the summer 1940 issue of Christendom, he maintained that the black church was largely responsible for “keeping one-tenth of America’s population sanely religious in the midst of an environment that is, for the most part, hostile to it.”. … While president of Morehouse, Mays fought for the integration of all-white colleges but remained an outspoken advocate of predominantly black institutions, such as Morehouse and Howard. 1936– 16 Apr. Mays and Joseph W. Nicholson, a minister in the Colored Methodist Episcopal (CME) Church, conducted a fourteen-month study of 691 churches in 12 large cities. He then accepted an invitation from Morehouse. See also: Historically Black Colleges and Universities; Multicultural Education. Following one year of study at Virginia Union University, Mays tired of the bitter racial climate in the South, and gained admission to Bates College in Lewiston, Maine. 2021
. There must be no dichotomy between the development of one's mind and a deep sense of appreciation of one's heritage. Educator, anthropologist, writer In a review for the periodical Books, National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP) executive secretary Walter White described the report as “one of the few examinations of this sort” and “an important achievement in its understanding of all the social, economic and other forces which have made [the black church] what it is.”, Mays would focus on the vital importance of the black church in American society in a host of other writings published in the 1930s and 1940s. The shack was the Greenwood County birthplace of Benjamin E. Mays ’20, the civil rights theorist, educator, preacher, Morehouse College president and mentor to the Rev. . A preacher, teacher, scholar, author, poet, and mystic, Howard Thurman was one of the leading…, Benjamin Franklin Institute of Technology: Tabular Data, Benjamin Franklin Institute of Technology: Narrative Description, Benjamin Butler's Report on the Contrabands of War (1861, by Benjamin Butler), Benjamin ben Eliezer Ha-Kohen Vitale of Reggio, Benjamin Thompson, Count Rumford (1753-1814), National Association for the Advancement of Colored People, https://www.encyclopedia.com/education/news-wires-white-papers-and-books/mays-benjamin-e-1894-1984, https://www.encyclopedia.com/education/encyclopedias-almanacs-transcripts-and-maps/mays-benjamin-1895-1984, https://www.encyclopedia.com/history/encyclopedias-almanacs-transcripts-and-maps/benjamin-e-mays, Historically Black Colleges and Universities. During this time he also produced his powerful autobiography. Before this appointment, Mays was the president of Morehouse College in GA. Born in SC, Mays was educated in New England & at the University of Chicago. The return of black soldiers from Europe at the end of World War I had only served to heighten racial tensions in the city. The preeminent black intellectual of his generation, Alain Locke was the leadin…, Thurman, Howard 1900–1981 Summer work as a Pullman porter—as well as scholarships and loans from the college—helped him pay his way. Theologian, clergyman, writer Athens: University of Georgia Press. In 1934 Mays became dean of the School of Religion at Howard University. Therefore, be sure to refer to those guidelines when editing your bibliography or works cited list. “But they gave me something far more valuable. Alain Locke 1886-1954 Benjamin Elijah Mays was born to former slaves Hezekiah and Louvenia (Carter) Mays in Epworth, Greenwood County, South Carolina. He understood that the plight of black people had always been at the center of the social, political, economic, and cultural life of the South and the nation. While King was a student at Morehouse, the two men developed a … The youngest of eight children, he became a theologian, theoretician, orator, author, college president, civil rights activist, and school board president. Mays developed a religious philosophy of morality, justice, and humanity rooted in the quest for freedom. With the blessing of Mordecai Johnson he became president of Morehouse on August 1, 1940. Mays’s positive experiences as a student at Bates College had filled him with a new sense of pride and optimism. During Morehouse commencement ceremonies in June of 1957, Mays honored Dr. King for his leadership in the 1956 Montgomery Bus Boycott by conferring upon him the honorary degree of Doctor of Humane Letters. Mays's positive experiences as a student at Bates College had filled him with a new sense of pride and optimism. 165-72; July 1971, pp. Feb 8, 2018 - Explore David Carl's board "Omega Psi Phi- Gamma" on Pinterest. In 1930 Mays left this post to direct a study of black churches in the United States for the Institute of Social and Religious Research in New York City. Perhaps Mays’s greatest influence was on the individual students he encountered both in the classroom and through the college chapel. "If white America really wants to improve Negro higher education, it would do well to recognize the fact that it will not be adequately done by allowing black colleges to die the slow death of starvation," he wrote in Born to Rebel. A man of great faith and vision, Mays was also politically astute. “The tragedy of life doesn't lie in not reaching your goal. ." 1996. in 1920. ." At that time, it was believed that the only honest occupations for black men were farming and preaching. "Dr. Benjamin E. Mays: His Impact as Spiritual and Intellectual Mentor of Martin Luther King Jr." The Black Scholar 23 (2):6–15. By then the modern civil rights movement was well under way. Benjamin E. Mays, History on Video (30-minute biographical tape), first televised on Black Entertainment Television, 1992. Perhaps best known as the longtime president of Morehouse College in Atlanta, Benjamin Mays was a distinguished African American minister, educator, scholar, and social activist. 47-48. Mays, Benjamin E., and Nicholson, Joseph William. 47–48. By 1940 Morehouse College was well established among the nation's historically black colleges. “I found a special, intangible something at While in Atlanta, he was ordained a Baptist minister in 1922. Mays became even more directly involved in the civil rights movement in 1960 when he agreed to help students from Morehouse and other Atlanta colleges organize peaceful protests throughout the city—an action which, after 18 months, resulted in the integration of the Atlanta public school system. "But they gave me something far more valuable. Among the many distinguished Morehouse graduates he inspired were former mayor of Atlanta, Andrew Young; Georgia state senator Julian Bond; and civil rights legend Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr. and D.D.S. Disturbed About Man (sermons), John Knox, 1969. New York Times Book Review, April 25, 1971, pp. They spoke of the "genius" of the black church. In all cases Preskill traces West's three propositions to Mays' affirmation of the common people's right to make change. By the mid-1960s more that half the school's graduates had entered graduate or professional schools; of its graduates, 118 had earned Ph.D.s, and by 1967, more than 300 Morehouse graduates earned M.D. "I found a special, intangible something at Morehouse in 1921 which sent men out into life with a sense of mission, believing that they could accomplish whatever they set out to do," he wrote. New York: Atheneum. Knowing this, as the Jew knows about anti-Semitism, the black man must never forget the necessity that he perfect his talents and potentials to the ultimate.". Ring in the new year with a Britannica Membership, https://www.britannica.com/biography/Benjamin-Mays, assassination of Martin Luther King, Jr.: Funeral rites. When Mays expressed a desire to continue his education beyond the elementary level, his father responded with anger and disdain. After graduating high school, he spent one year at Virginia Union University before relocating to Maine to attend Bates College, where he received his B.A. Benjamin Elijah Mays was born in 1895 in Ninety-Six, a small town in South Carolina, to parents who had been born in slavery and freed at the end of the Civil War. Mid-1930s visits to Europe, China, North Africa, the Middle East, Asia, and the Indian subcontinent provided Mays with a startling look at poverty, hatred, oppression, racism, and caste. Retrieved April 16, 2021 from Encyclopedia.com: https://www.encyclopedia.com/education/encyclopedias-almanacs-transcripts-and-maps/mays-benjamin-1895-1984. The 1890s was an especially difficult period for blacks as whites in the South were angry in the aftermath of Reconstruction: lynchings and violence were common. He graduated in 1916 as valedictorian. He, however, attended the Brickhouse School only from November to February as he was needed to help his sharecropping family bring in the harvest. Contemporary Black Biography. "Benjamin E. Mays "Nor did the situation improve as I grew older. Born to Rebel: An Autobiography. Encyclopedia of Education. He worked as a Pullman porter before winning scholarships. Mays was also a significant mentor to civil rights leader Martin Luther King Jr. and was among the most articulate and outspoken critics of segregation before the rise of the modern civil rights movement in the United States. Mays excelled as a student from an early age, and was driven throughout his youth by what he termed "an insatiable desire to get an education." He returned to the University of Chicago in 1924 to complete work on his master's degree, and ten years later received his doctorate in ethics and Christian theology. He began his studies there as a sophomore in September 1917. Quotable Quotes of Benjamin E. Mays, Vantage, 1983. However, the date of retrieval is often important. After graduating with honors in 1920, Mays completed several semesters of graduate work at the University of Chicago. Smith, Caroline "Mays, Benjamin E. 1894–1984 African American scholar Benjamin E. Mays was among the first generation of people of color to be born into freedom in the southern United States. Working with his wife, a case worker, his title at the Urban League was executive secretary of the Family Service Association. WATKINS, WILLIAM H. "Mays, Benjamin (1895–1984) Eventually Mays overcame his father's objections, however, and enrolled at the high school of South Carolina State College at Orangeburg. Mays's figures also reveal a large number of Morehouse graduates occupying high administrative positions in school districts scattered around the country. He quickly became the star pupil there and wept whenever bad weather kept him at home. Mays also convinced two of Georgia’s brightest African American politicians, Andrew Young and Julian Bond, to seek public office. Most online reference entries and articles do not have page numbers. Mays, Benjamin, Born to Rebel: An Autobiography, Scribner, 1971. ." Mays was born in the small town of Ninety-Six in South Carolina to former slave parents. (April 16, 2021). By signing up for this email, you are agreeing to news, offers, and information from Encyclopaedia Britannica. Throughout his life, Mays maintained that education, personal pride, and peaceful protest were the most effective weapons in the war against racial bigotry. 88-94; August 1971, p. 52; December 1977, pp. Jan 16, 2014 - Learn more about the historic author and educator, legendary president of Morehouse College, and mentor to Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr. As president, Mays immediately began exhorting alumni to increase contributions. At the age of nine he received a standing ovation from the Mount Zion Baptist congregation for his recitation of the Sermon on the Mount. Selected awards: Amistad Award, American Missionary Association, 1968; Merrick-Moore-Spaulding Award, 1968; Myrtle Wreath Award, Atlanta chapter, Hadassah, 1969; Religious Leaders Award, National Conference of Christians and Jews, 1970; Russwurm Award, National Newspaper Publishers, 1970; Dorie Miller Award, 1971; Roy Wiikins Award, NAACP, 1977; Top Hat Award, Chicago Defender, 1978; Distinguished American Educator Award, U.S. Office of Education, 1978; Hale Woodruff Award, UNCF, 1978; Spingam Medal, NAACP, 1982; named to South Carolina Hall of Fame, 1984; recipient of more than 45 honorary degrees. “It was in Atlanta, Georgia, that I was to see the race problem in greater depth, and observe and experience it in larger dimensions,” Mays wrote in Born to Rebel. he wrote in Born to Rebel. Stephen Preskill (1996) sees Mays' views as the ideological antecedent of the liberatory views of Cornel West, a contemporary African-American scholar-activist and social critic. He was a remarkable man and role model for thousands of students who entered the doors of Morehouse, Spelman College, Atlanta … Therefore, that information is unavailable for most Encyclopedia.com content. The school was established in the fall of 1981 and was named after Benjamin Elijah Mays, an educator, author and civil rights activist. Summer work as a Pullman porter—as well as scholarships and loans from the college—helped him pay his way. Education, his father maintained, made men both liars and fools. Benjamin Elijah Mays was born in 1895 in Ninety-Six, a small town in South Carolina, to parents who had been born in slavery and freed at the end of the Civil War. © 2019 Encyclopedia.com | All rights reserved. Benjamin Elijah Mays was born in 1895 in Ninety Six, South Carolina, the youngest of eight children; his parents were tenant farmers and former slaves. In an article appearing in the summer 1940 issue of Christendom, he maintained that the black church was largely responsible for "keeping one-tenth of America's population sanely religious in the midst of an environment that is, for the most part, hostile to it. Former Morehouse president Benjamin Mays delivered the eulogy, and Mahalia Jackson (about whom King had once said, “a voice like hers comes along once in a millennium”) sang the gospel standard “Precious Lord.”, …Morehouse was the college president, Benjamin Mays, a social gospel activist whose rich oratory and progressive ideas had left an indelible imprint on King’s father. Lord, the People Have Driven Me On, Vantage, 1981. Johnnetta Cole has been many things in her long career: an anthropologist, a teacher, a col…, Forman, James 1928– Mays's intellectual prowess became known in church and school. Encyclopedia of World Biography. He returned to the University of Chicago's School of Religion and completed a master's degree in New Testament Studies in 1925. Where high-quality professors could not be hired, Mays offered existing faculty financial support to seek higher degrees. King later became a member of the Morehouse College board of trustees. While president of Morehouse, Mays fought for the integration of all-white colleges but remained an outspoken advocate of predominantly black institutions, such as Morehouse and Howard. Morehouse students were taught by Atlanta University and Spelman faculty. Preskill, Stephen. Both his academic gifts and his enthusiastic participation in extracurricular activities quickly made him a campus leader. Born Benjamin Elijah Mays, August 1, 1894, in Epworth, SC; died March 21, 1984, in Atlanta. Mays's nascent liberation theology is outlined in his little-known work The Negro's God: As Reflectedin His Literature (1938). At Bates, where he was one of only a handful of black students, Mays was surprised and heartened to find himself treated as an equal for the very first time. Born to Rebel. Here the Benjamin E. Mays Historic Preservation Site – a museum, cultural site, archives, and educational center – shines to share the story of a man from humble origins, born one generation removed from slavery, who went on to become one of the greatest educators of our time and mentor to our nation’s most notable Civil Rights leaders. ", Mays would focus on the vital importance of the black church in American society in a host of other writings published in the 1930s and 1940s. In 1922 he was ordained a Baptist minister and assumed the pastorate of nearby Shiloh Baptist Church. . 16 Apr. Benjamin Elijah Mays was an American minister, educator, scholar, social activist and the president of Morehouse College in Atlanta, Georgia from 1940 to 1967. Upon the assassination of Dr. Martin Luther King, Mays concluded his eulogy for his former student and long-standing friend by saying, "If physical death was the price he had to pay to rid America of prejudice and injustice, nothing could be more redemptive.". Related Questions. During this time he also produced his powerful autobiography, Born to Rebel. Born to Rebel: An Autobiography, Scribner, 1971. He wrote in his autobiography, "That mob is my earliest memory" (p. 1). Mays returned to teach English at South Carolina State College for a year. Encyclopedia of World Biography. ." Retrieved April 16, 2021 from Encyclopedia.com: https://www.encyclopedia.com/education/news-wires-white-papers-and-books/mays-benjamin-e-1894-1984. Biography: An Interdisciplinary Quarterly 19 (4):404–416. The tragedy lies in having no goal to reach. Between 1930 and 1940 the faculty at Atlanta University increased by 220 percent and the faculty at Spelman increased by 78 percent, while Morehouse's faculty had decreased by 16 percent. Facts about Benjamin mays? “It was in Atlanta that I was to find that the cruel tentacles of race prejudice reached out to invade and distort every aspect of Southern life.”. Benjamin Mays ’20, photographed in 1980 when he returned to Bates for his 60th Reunion. Those efforts earned Mays the nickname "Buck Benny" around the campus. Two years later, he was named national student secretary of the Young Men's Christian Association (YMCA), based in Atlanta. Martin Luther King Jr. recalled chapel and Mays' motivational talks as among his most inspirational college experiences. lecturer and writer. Among his earliest memories was that of a group of white men with rifles riding up to his home on horseback and demanding that his father remove his cap and bow down to them. There must be no dichotomy between the development of one’s mind and a deep sense of appreciation of one’s heritage. The youngest of eight children, Benjamin Mays was born in Epworth, South Carolina, in 1894, and raised on an isolated cotton farm. Answer. Be the first to answer! The provocative work concluded that "analysis reveals that the status of the Negro church is in part the result of the failure of American Christianity in the realm of race-relation" (p. 278). Between 1945 and 1967 Morehouse ranked second among Georgia institutions in the production of Woodrow Wilson Fellows. The dice are loaded against him. Committed to fighting racial inequality, Mays accused the African American community of complacency in the face of oppression, and he prodded the Black church into… Read More ." New York: Macmillan. Beyond an individual morality, Mays reflected on the wider role of the black church in the lives of its people, concluding that the church must go beyond providing comfort, freedom of expression, and socializing. In his last years, Mays continued to advise leaders from politics and business on matters of race. Benjamin Elijah Mays (August 1, 1894 – March 28, 1984) was an American Baptist minister and civil rights leader who is credited with laying the intellectual foundations of the Civil Rights Movement. Found Fulfillment in Academic Achievement. But the Atlanta he encountered in the early 1920s was a tense and angry place, where streetcars, elevators, parks, waiting rooms, and even ambulances were segregated; where Ku Klux Klan rallies and lynchings were everyday facts of life; where people of color were prohibited from voting; and where the only high school education available for African Americans was provided by private academies connected to the all-black colleges. After his retirement from Morehouse College in 1967, Mays served as a consultant for a variety of governmental, educational, civic, and religious organizations, and in 1969 he became a member of the Atlanta Board of Education. . One year before completing the doctorate, Mordecai Johnson, the respected president of Howard University in Washington, D.C., persuaded Mays to assume the deanship at Howard's School of Religion. Friendship, 1957 receive such accreditation Academy of Science and Technology is one of the Morehouse College, which be. Leadership and the life of teaching and learning economic hardship in the drive obtain! `` Combative Sprirituality and the world with his wife, a case worker, his father with! Negro 's God: as Reflectedin his Literature ( 1938 ). culture of African Americans December 1977,.! A student from an early age, and the pursuit of further education became watchwords at Morehouse in 1921 and... 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Who were leading the movement education, 1970–81 later held a prominent position on the Atlanta school board of,. ” he recalled in born to Rebel, published some 30 years later, he moved to. Quotes of Benjamin E. 1894–1984. 1894 in Ninety Six, South Carolina State College at Orangeburg at Bates had. Delta Theta Chi, Omega Psi Phi- Gamma '' on Pinterest Rebel: autobiography... Mentor an… Have page numbers Britannica newsletter to get trusted stories delivered right to your inbox Young Julian! “ History on Video ” ( 30-minute biographical tape ), based in Atlanta black children was only four.... Delta Sigma Rho, Delta Theta Chi, Omega Psi phi lynchings were a common occurrence could talk of because.
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